Are there specific differences between the road-wheels on the Centurion and Chieftain tanks? If so, were any other NATO tanks fitted with wheels similar to the Centurion's?

They look pretty similar to me, Not 100% sure if theyre the exact same though.
But as for other NATO tanks with Centurion road wheels? I believe the Strv103 uses the same type.

I believe that all Chieftains after the first 6 prototypes used Centurion roadwheels, although the bogies were different.

I can't help wondering if they were perhaps made from thicker material as Chieftain's initial design weight was 20% greater than Centurion's.

In the Ian Allan Chieftain Book, they mentioned that when the new Chieftains were being tested with BAOR units, they kept getting bellyied in Centurion ruts on the ranges, leading to the roadwheels being swapped, and losing the lower silhouette.
Not sure on absolute difference with the wheels, but the hubs are definitely different, Cents have domes, whereas Chieftain hubs come to a point.
And yes, S Tank also uses Cent Roadwheels.

Mal