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So, what or where is the reference mark?
The centre of the turret is the reference, I believe. If you look at the markings, 180 is at the gun bore pointing forward and 360 is at the centre of the rear face of the turret. So, if you are looking through the centreline (CL) of the turret towards the target, you can talk the gunner on to the aim point. If you are standing behind the turret and looking straigh ahead at the target, you call out "MG 500 yds 360Deg" and the round goes directly forwards. If you are off to the left and see a target directly to the right its "MG 500 yds, 90 deg" and the turret slews to the right and pops the Nazi b*st*rd. :-)
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They would not be likely to hit anything on a rolling, pitching landing craft over a couple of hundred yards away or was ther some sort of gun stabilization on it?
As in most artillery support operations the main object is to throw off the other guy's aim enough so your guys are not getting hit. Actually hitting the other guy is a fortuitous event to be prayed for, but not expected. One can validly question the effectiveness of this, but it was the mode for fire support operations from landing craft. Basically any round that lands anywhere near one of their guys is effective at making them miss our guys to a greater or lesser degree and any support fire is more effective than none. If our guys are not hit, they will eventually get to their guys and actually kick their *rses.
Or thoughts to that effect... :-)
Once on the ground, the mode switches from artillery support to close support where you actually expect the Marine gunners to hit the targets. Again that may be expecting too much, but I'm only quoting from Army friends.
Paul