This is actually three different problems, depending on the manufacturer and materials used. Actual rubber dries out over months or years, and crumbles--the black rubber track included with very early Tamiya and Nitto tanks had this problem, and nothing could really stop it, but I don't believe this material is being used any more.
Some vinyl tires react chemically with styrene, and require a barrier of some sort to protect the two materials (usually it's the styrene that decays, not the vinyl). This was a problem with early Airfix tracks until they changed their vinyl formulation in the early 70's, and Italeri has also had this problem periodically (some batches of vinyl were affected, but not others). A layer of Bare Metal aluminum foil around the rim can prevent a reaction there.
The new glueable styrene-vinyl blends used for some tank tracks and rubber tires react very badly to the solvents in enamel paints and washes. They can dry out and crumble just days after being exposed. Solution here is to use acrylics and watercolors only in finishing the model.