Muzzle,
brake.
Sorry, pet peeve.

They reduce the recoil velocity of the tube so they are a brake.
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I read muzzle breaks were used for keeping your target inline during sustained fire
No, no effect on tube alignment on single or sustained fire, whatever that might be for a manually loaded artillery piece.
Primary reason for a brake
Incidental and non consistent side effect
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what about increasing shot velocity?
No effect on velocity whatsoever. How were you thinking that might happen?
Brakes can and did have an effect on the discarding of the sabot in APDS rounds and it's the primary reason they are not used today on tanks. Anything that perturbs the separation of the sabot as the projectile leaves the barrel has enough of an effect on the projectile to seriously degrade accuracy at 2, 3 or even 5 kilometers.
As was mentioned above, brakes can (not always) increase the amount of dust kicked up and that can give away positions, increase the obscuration of the target and direct the dangerous blast towards friendly unarmoured forces nearby.
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Were they used on rifled barrels only?
I believe so. I can't think of any smoothbores with a brake. Smoothbores are relatively recent and none of the current MBTs use a brake for the APDS reasons above.
HTH
Paul