Vincent;
Given as you have determined that the 38 micron grit is equivalent to ca 1.33mm grain in 1/35, I would be starting with that stuff and contemplating going to something even smaller!
From the many posted "real surface" pictures, I would guess that the pictured painted-over grain is probably well within that 1.3mm size.
The other thing I note is that the application on the real thing appears to be fairly sparse - one of the biggest quibbles I have with most builds where folks have added non-skid is that the added stuff looks way too thick and clumpy- and often distractingly-so. So, from where I sit, a thinner, single-grain depth and smaller grain size could be all good!
I'm pretty much a WWII Axis builder - the modern non-skid issue is similar to DIY zimmerit applied to 1/35 plastic panzers. The real stuff was actually applied in a layer maybe 20 - 35mm thick, including its sterotypical ridge-and-valley surface topography. So a scale "zimm" coat should come in at somewhere between 0.5 and 1.0mm - which is pretty small (but 10+ times as thick as what you want!). It's pretty challenging for folks applying various putty and paste layers to plastic panzers to keep it both thin and consistently so! I can sympathize!
I'd consider a thin wash of dilute white glue or maybe even a slightly thick base paint coat as the wet base, and lightly sprinkle the grit on and dump the axcess off. Maybe do a quick second dusting and dump to get a few spots filled in? Follow with a light spray of base color to fix the surface and color your grit. I'd follow this with a bit of brushing with a dry brush to kick off build-up and thicker patches when all is dry? It seems to me that the trick is to get the grit stuck down with the thinnest coat possible, so that you mostly avoid filling detail and creating an overly-thick total paint-and-non-skid coating.
Just a suggestion, of course!
Bob