Armor/AFV: Modern Armor
Modern armor in general.
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Best Main Battle Tanks in the world?
Johnston_RCR
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 11:10 AM UTC

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Not to upset anyone with this question, but if the modern tanks are fairly well matched, which armed service has the 'best ' tankers. To clarify, who spends the most time in training, whose training is the most realistic, who has the most time in service, time in combat, etc...?



Out of national pride, a bit of bias, and some chosen historical referances, I would have to say Canada and the coomonwealth of course.

Out of pure realism, its hard to say. Yes, right now the US and Britain primarily have the most recent combat experience, but as Robin pointed out, larger training excercises suffer as a result due to operations.

Another thing that makes it hard, is multinational training exercises. With so many nations training together, they all get the benefit of each nations different techniques. This in a way makes all of us the same. If you can learn a lesson from a more experienced or more highly trained force, it saves your force a lot of time and money it would otherwise have used to learn the lesson on its own, meaning you can advance your training with that knowledge to an area that you dont know as well, or that is more essential.
tresni
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 12:05 PM UTC

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There was a special on Discovery not long ago about the 10 best tanks in the world through history. They got points in 5 different rankings (which I can't remember)

M1 Abrams was ranked 2nd, Tiger 3rd.

Winner was: T-34





As decided by he Military Channel "experts" :

10. M4 Sherman - low fire power, armour and fear factor marks, average mobility and top marks for production.

9. Merkava - top marks for armour, high marks for fire power and fear factor, average marks for mobility, low marks for production.

8. T-54/55 - average marks for mobility, fire power, armour and fear factor, high marks for production.

7. Challenger - full marks for fire power, high marks for armour, good marks for mobility, low marks for production and fear factor.

6. Panzer IV - average marks for fire power, mobility and protection, low marks for production and high marks for fear factor.

5. Centurion - high marks for fire power, armour and production, average marks for mobility and fear factor.

4. MK I Tank (WW1) - full marks for fear factor and high marks for fire power, mobility and protection (only because it was the only tank around at that time), low marks for production.

3.Tiger -full marks for fear factor, average marks for mobility, high marks for fire power and protection, low marks for production.

2. M1 Abrams - scored low for production due complexity and cost, full points in all other areas.

1. T-34 - high marks in fire power, mobility, protection, production and fear factor.

The Discovery Channel group of "experts" arrived with a different list :

10. M4 Sherman - production, maintainability and mobility.

9. M551 Sheridan - air droppable, small target, guided missile armament but lightly armoured.

8. Panther - well armoured and armed but over engineered.

7. T-72 - well armed, good armour and mobility, small target but cramped.

6. S Tank - good mobility, suspension system, designed for Swedish doctrine.

5. Centurion - long service, solid design but tough to drive.

4 Merkava - solid desgin, well armed and armoured but useful only for the IDF.

3. T-34 - well armed and armoured, good mobility and maintainabilty and high production.

2. M1 Abrams - well armed and armoured, high mobility but low production.

1. Leopard 2 - high mobility, armour, armament and maintainability.


Richard
woltersk
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 02:35 PM UTC

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In order: Challenger 2, Abrahms and Merkava.
All proven in combat, therefore not Leo 2 which is unproven.



Okay, I'll bite. What difference does it make whether or not a weapon system is 'unproven'? Does that mean the F-22 would not make your 'top ten fighter aircraft' list?

fireontheway
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 03:14 PM UTC

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Okay, I'll bite. What difference does it make whether or not a weapon system is 'unproven'? Does that mean the F-22 would not make your 'top ten fighter aircraft' list?


On paper, or in a "Clean" test environment a particular weapon system could be the best. But until it has been put to the test of battle with all of the unforseen circumstances and adding the human factor to include stress under fire, it is unproven. I may have all the talents and required skills to be a Hall of Famer, but if in the game I "#$%^", well I very well could lose the game.
Quoted Text

The M1A2 is not going to replace the M1A1. In fact, the majority of tanks being produced are M1A1AIMs. The A2 was great for going against multiple enemy tanks, but that threat does not exist any longer.


I dont know about you, but the faster I can lay on target and shoot, the longer my crew and I will live. The CITV allows me to do just that. But to say that the threat of multiple targets does not exist is in my opinion....wrong. My tank against 2 tanks is considered to be a multiple engagement. It doesnt need to be a Kursk reenactment, just 1 more than me is enough to justify the M1A2.
Sabot
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 10:42 PM UTC

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Okay, I'll bite. What difference does it make whether or not a weapon system is 'unproven'? Does that mean the F-22 would not make your 'top ten fighter aircraft' list?


On paper, or in a "Clean" test environment a particular weapon system could be the best. But until it has been put to the test of battle with all of the unforseen circumstances and adding the human factor to include stress under fire, it is unproven. I may have all the talents and required skills to be a Hall of Famer, but if in the game I "#$%^", well I very well could lose the game.
Quoted Text

The M1A2 is not going to replace the M1A1. In fact, the majority of tanks being produced are M1A1AIMs. The A2 was great for going against multiple enemy tanks, but that threat does not exist any longer.


I dont know about you, but the faster I can lay on target and shoot, the longer my crew and I will live. The CITV allows me to do just that. But to say that the threat of multiple targets does not exist is in my opinion....wrong. My tank against 2 tanks is considered to be a multiple engagement. It doesnt need to be a Kursk reenactment, just 1 more than me is enough to justify the M1A2.

I agree that the faster you target the better your chances of living. What I meant to say is that the days of two US corps trying to stop thousands of Red Army tanks and BMPS are over. The M1A2 was developed to allow each tank to engage multiple (dozens) enemy tanks/APCs sequentially, and in concert with adjacent M1A2s. One shot, one kill...on one enemy tank!

This was to insure that each enemy tank was targeted by only one US tank. You'd be surprised how many Iraqi tanks were shot by 2-3 tanks fractions of a second apart during ODS. Our crews were just that fast, but the speed lead to double and triple servicing of an enemy target. This was wasteful in a future WW3 in Europe and would not have helped stop the tidal wave of Soviet tanks efficiently.

With this particular threat gone, the Army could not justify the extra expense of the M1A2 when cheaper, recapitalized M1A1s could do almost as good a job. Is the M1A2 better than the M1A1? Yes it is, if it wasn't, we would have withdrawn them all from service and replaced them with M1A1AIMs. Money vs. need drove the decision here.
210cav
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Posted: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 - 11:36 PM UTC
Obviously, this is not the first time this question has been posed. (See History Forum for these type inquiries). Having said that I am always dismayed by the fixation on the materiel aspects of the vehicles. The T-34 receives an undue amount of History Channel attention almost to the point of adoration. As my fellow tanker, Sabot, has so eloquently stated, it is the crew knowing their equipment, maintaining it and training with it that make the metal survive on the battlefield. If the T-34 was so hot, how come the North Koreans got wiped out by the M4A3E8 in Korera (Battle of the Bowling Alley)? The American use of combined arms teams made the difference. If you put a Leo, Challenger or Abrams out there without an adequate support team, you will lose against any better trained and coordinated enemy force. So, the answer to your question of who has the best tank really is answerable if you show me the training and maintenance posture of the unit and how they coordinated with the other air, ground and sea forces.
My two cents.
DJ
shado67
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 08:02 AM UTC
[quote]
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EDIT: Anyone know how many Abrams chassis were built and how many are still considered to be in the inventory?



I recently saw a show on Discovery or something like it called "ultimate factories". The episode dealing with the M1A1/A2 factory discussed the rebuild and refit processes from the original frames at an Army depot in Alabama? The narrator said that 9000 or 10,0000 Abrams were built and in inventory (this did not include exports).

A couple of interesting points:

1. The tank, frame, chasis, power pack electronics, turret, etc are all modular and built on an armored chasis that can be built, rebuilt, and upgraded throught a long service life. This design was to reduce the need for new tank designs and a longer service life f the tank while maintaining a technical superiority throughout its life.

2. The powerpack is no longer produced. they are all rebuilt - complete if needed. The Power pack is modular and can be changed out in a very short time in the field.

3. The engine (contrary to an earlier poster) can run on ANY type of fuel that can burn (jet fuel, diesel, kerosene, etc...)

I am not a tanker just merely a fan who has seen several documentaries on the tank.

NOTE: How about a mention to the late great MB70 the joint venture between the US and West Germany that spawned both the M1 fmaily and Leopard family.

nikon1
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 08:16 AM UTC

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Rob-- so who makes the best pick-up?
DJ

PS _ I only drive GMC trucks.



No debate there -- Chevy (or any other GM truck)



I've driven Chevy/GM, Ford and Dodge. Chevy/GM good trucks for a short period-less than 10 years. Ford, excellent trucks for their life span. Dodge, no comparison to Fords or Chevy/GM. I'm biased to Fords
Ch

210cav
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 04:36 PM UTC

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Rob-- so who makes the best pick-up?
DJ

PS _ I only drive GMC trucks.



No debate there -- Chevy (or any other GM truck)



I've driven Chevy/GM, Ford and Dodge. Chevy/GM good trucks for a short period-less than 10 years. Ford, excellent trucks for their life span. Dodge, no comparison to Fords or Chevy/GM. I'm biased to Fords
Ch




Ford makes a superb truck. I loved my Explorer, but they have the dumbest sales and service people on the planet. I stick with one dealer who does well by me with GMC trucks.
fireontheway
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 05:04 PM UTC

Quoted Text

The M1A2 was developed to allow each tank to engage multiple (dozens) enemy tanks/APCs sequentially, and in concert with adjacent M1A2s. One shot, one kill...on one enemy tank!

This was to insure that each enemy tank was targeted by only one US tank. You'd be surprised how many Iraqi tanks were shot by 2-3 tanks fractions of a second apart during ODS. Our crews were just that fast, but the speed lead to double and triple servicing of an enemy target. This was wasteful in a future WW3 in Europe and would not have helped stop the tidal wave of Soviet tanks efficiently.

From the defense with assigned sectors of fire I would agree that the amount of rounds expended on an individual target would be reduced. On the offense (which I would think would be the preferred method of engagement) its not dead until its a catostrophic kill. So if I have to put another one in him to ensure that he doesnt do the same to me, then so be it. Tactics are tactics but the situation will dictate. Anyway you look at it, the M1A1/M1A2 family is in my opinion the best. The Leclerc, Leo II, untested, small numbers produced, and our training may not be as often or as elaborate as we would like, but the experience we have gained is the tradeoff. M1A1 AIM/M1A1SEP/TUSK all born of the blood sweat and tears of the 19K.
Sabot
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 06:00 PM UTC
The M1A2 was designed to fight the defensive pre-Wall down Germany battlefield. Advantage always goes to the defender. There would have been limited counterattacks, but that war would have been a defensive battle to re-establish the inter-German border.
fireontheway
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 06:45 PM UTC
That war never materialized. I am talking about todays war, or tomorrows. I am thinking as a Tank Commander today. The opposition then ended up not being the monster we all feared. Just look at their endeavors in Afghanistan or Chechnya, and what they are left with today. When & if I fight from the cupola in the near future or after my 11B MOSQ school that I am about to attend, I say again, there arent any finer AFV's or crews manning them. The T34 was good for its time, so perhaps was the T55, but now is not their day.
badger66
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 06:48 PM UTC

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Rob-- so who makes the best pick-up?
DJ

PS _ I only drive GMC trucks.



No debate there -- Chevy (or any other GM truck)



I've driven Chevy/GM, Ford and Dodge. Chevy/GM good trucks for a short period-less than 10 years. Ford, excellent trucks for their life span. Dodge, no comparison to Fords or Chevy/GM. I'm biased to Fords
Ch




Ford makes a superb truck. I loved my Explorer, but they have the dumbest sales and service people on the planet. I stick with one dealer who does well by me with GMC trucks.



your not lying about Frosd sales and service folks!!!!
Sabot
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 07:02 PM UTC

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That war never materialized. I am talking about todays war, or tomorrows. I am thinking as a Tank Commander today. The opposition then ended up not being the monster we all feared. Just look at their endeavors in Afghanistan or Chechnya, and what they are left with today. When & if I fight from the cupola in the near future or after my 11B MOSQ school that I am about to attend, I say again, there arent any finer AFV's or crews manning them. The T34 was good for its time, so perhaps was the T55, but now is not their day.

You are right, but we are fighting today's battles with the tank designed to win yesterday's war. That is the point I am making. I was a tank commander when that war never materialized and was a tank commander that went into battle against the unknown monster in the Abrams. Click my profile, I think I know what I am talking about.

Singularly, I would prefer to be in an M1A2 in a tank on tank fight. As an armor leader, I would rather have two battalions worth of M1A1s than one battalion of M1A2s. In a perfect world without monetary constraints, all Army, National Guard and Marine tank battalions would have M1A2SEPs. In the world we live in, we have to make compromises.
fireontheway
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 08:04 PM UTC
OK so we agree to both disagree and agree on certain aspects. But the one that we should absolutely and without any doubt agree on is that we have both served and continue to serve in one of the many outstanding Branches of the US Army. Our beloved M1 took you into battle and I'm sure you never felt more confident. I would have preferred to conduct the combat patrols I performed in an M1 rather than the M1114 I commanded during OIF III. But at least we rode. You do know what you are talking about, your experience is not limited to you in a photo next to a tank at the Patton Museum. We have had the best tank since its initial fielding and thanks to the technological advances it continues to be the best. Have a nice day Sir.
Tankleader
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 10:12 PM UTC
I really love this topic when it comes up and all the arguments that people bring to the table.

I believe that none of them is the best "TANK" in the world. Each tank can claim the title since they were all designed to different specs and for different reasons. Maybe the argument should be, "Who has the best crews in the world". You can have the best vehicle and still get your butt kicked, its a combination of Man and Machine that make it a fighting system.

Just my .02

Tanks
Andy
210cav
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 11:54 PM UTC

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I really love this topic when it comes up and all the arguments that people bring to the table.

I believe that none of them is the best "TANK" in the world. Each tank can claim the title since they were all designed to different specs and for different reasons. Maybe the argument should be, "Who has the best crews in the world". You can have the best vehicle and still get your butt kicked, its a combination of Man and Machine that make it a fighting system.

Just my .02

Tanks
Andy



Andy-- right on! Man-Machine interface.
DJ
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 11:56 PM UTC
I agree and it is one of my points in my initial post on this topic.

You close to retirement? The wife is starting to make comments about our next move being to Ft. Livingroom.
warlock109
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Posted: Thursday, May 10, 2007 - 11:59 PM UTC
A very interenting topic. I'm sure everyone has their own favorite. How one would judge them, I am sure, could be based on many factors. My own personnal view, is that you should go by their combat record. If they haven't seen real combat, then you only have the test results by the manufacture to go by. As many of us know, testing can be manipulated to produce the results you want. I would suggest that the M1A1, Challenger 2 and Merkava are closely tied for 1, 2, 3, with everything else either not proven, or out of the running.
LeoCmdr
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 12:50 AM UTC
So what is the combat record of the M1A1, Challenger 2, and Merkava?

What is your definition of combat?

Does engaging other tanks mean they are the best or does fighting in an urban area and firing the main gun at buildings and insurgents mean it is the best? I am just posing questions.

The M1A1, Challenger 2, and Merkava have been in battle and all have survived and been knocked out.

The Merkava 1 suffered losses in its FIRST battles in 1982...leading to the Merkava 2, etc. The Merkava is slow compared to other "modern" tanks. It is designed for use in the desert and I would think would not fair to well in prolonged cold weather. The Merkava series of tanks have not engaged other MBTs for a while. So is it still one of the best?

The Challenger 2 and M1A1 Abrams have never been up against a professional armoured force with similar equipment. They have engaged and destroyed poorly maintained T-55s and T-72s with poorly trained low morale crews.

Yes, they have engaged enemy tanks at night and day but I would think that the majority of the engagements have been on dug in tanks and not force on force engagements with both elements on the move. Challenger 2 and Abrams have been knocked out by friendly fire and IEDs. Is it correct that they have not engaged an enemy tank since the invasion of Iraq?

Tanks I would not choose:
-Ariete- 1980s technology and under powered
-T-55- bare bones basic construction with WWII technology
-T-72- 1960s technology with no crew comfort
-Merkava- designed for only a single region of the world...exported to no one...can't keep up with the speed of other modern tanks.

I am actually undecided as to what the best tank is...have to wait and see how the Canadian Leopard 2 will do in Afghanistan.

mikeo
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 02:00 AM UTC
I would think that combat is when you are trying to kill the guy trying to kill you.

I imagine the men who crewed M48's (and centurions) in Vietnam felt that they were in combat, even though they were not facing other tanks.

The more you think about it, the more this is a Ford/Chevy type thing. Or maybe, what's your favorite ice cream?

LeoCmdr
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 04:57 AM UTC
Thanks for the answer. I have no doubt tanks crews from eras gone by felt they were in combat.

What I was getting at was that a MBT's primary function is to fight other tanks. No modern tanks have fought a comparable foe....except for maybe the Israeli Magach against T-72s.

"Proven in combat" for a tank should encompass all elements of the modern battlefield...enemy tank engagements, anti-tank weapon attacks, and Infantry support tasks

Have any Abrams, Challenger 2s, or Merkavas been hit by modern AT missiles?...other than testing. There were Abrams hit by RPGs and T-72s and survived but I think there were also Abrams disabled by RPGs too.

The modern tank and the modern soldier has entered into a new era of war fighting. Fighting in dense urban areas is not tank country...not without extensive Infantry support. A tank in a city is only as good as its crew, tactics, and the Infantry that are with it on the ground.

Tankleader
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 04:25 PM UTC

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I agree and it is one of my points in my initial post on this topic.

You close to retirement? The wife is starting to make comments about our next move being to Ft. Livingroom.



I retired over a year ago and now work for General Dynamics Land Systems. I'm currently the lead trainer for the LAV upgrade for the Marine Corps.

Tanks
Andy
mikeo
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 05:20 PM UTC

Quoted Text

Thanks for the answer. I have no doubt tanks crews from eras gone by felt they were in combat.

What I was getting at was that a MBT's primary function is to fight other tanks. No modern tanks have fought a comparable foe....except for maybe the Israeli Magach against T-72s.

"Proven in combat" for a tank should encompass all elements of the modern battlefield...enemy tank engagements, anti-tank weapon attacks, and Infantry support tasks

Have any Abrams, Challenger 2s, or Merkavas been hit by modern AT missiles?...other than testing. There were Abrams hit by RPGs and T-72s and survived but I think there were also Abrams disabled by RPGs too.

The modern tank and the modern soldier has entered into a new era of war fighting. Fighting in dense urban areas is not tank country...not without extensive Infantry support. A tank in a city is only as good as its crew, tactics, and the Infantry that are with it on the ground.


LeoCmdr,
Just to be clear, my answer was meant as humor, not a slam of any kind. I agree with what you are saying, I just couldn't resist being a smart-but.

Seriously though, given the evolution of the modern battlefield, shouldn't the primary role of the tank be that of heavy, direct fire support? Using the Abrams as an example, The TUSK upgrades and the new ammo types (MPAT) that have been deployed since the start of OIF shouldn't decrease the Abram's ability to kill other tanks, they enhance it's ability to provide close support. I think that tanks will always have to be able to fight in urban areas and against enemies other than just tanks. The TUSK upgrades (or their equals) could have been in place long ago.

Or am I missing something?
Rom
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Posted: Friday, May 11, 2007 - 06:45 PM UTC
Wow, in response to the list of the 10 best by the military channel and the history channel. I cant believe the former rated the Tiger tank so high! It is an interesting subject but in terms of what an army wants in a tank, it was a pile of junk. I think the history channel ranking is right on the mark.