Armor/AFV
For discussions on tanks, artillery, jeeps, etc.
To "red oxide" - or not to "red oxide"?
H_Ackermans
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 02:56 AM UTC

Quoted Text

Invariably, in these types of threads, sooner or later the "Who cares?" or "It's your model," or "I don't concern myself with such details" or "This is all interpretative art," or my favorite, "You can't prove it didn't happen, so that proves it did" etc. type comments are made.

But the topic here is that a serious discussion is being undertaken concerning the use of certain schemes and colors. The topic is not whether or not the discussion itself is merited or should even be broached.

So we already know that there are you guys that have a freer approach to issues of research, historical accuracy and so on. We know that some view this as useless pedantry. We understand that. That's why I'm hoping that this thread won't be steered into the usual rough terrain that we seen these threads head for in the past.

Now getting back to the topic at hand: I'd like to hear thoughts about the single base coat color used on the wheels of the IR Panther shown above. It's quite dark and as many of us know, is depicted as red oxide primer in Jentz' and Doyle's Osprey Panther Variants book.

Of course, Jentz also conveniently has backed away and disavowed color plates in his books in the past as "figments of someone's imagination" and with no explanation as to how such "figments" got into his books, who advised the artists to interpret photos in such a a manner and so on. So when someone such as this refutes his own work, we're left with a bit of a mystery.



Plus Jentz completely bases all his research on documents and orders, and talking about the Panther, he is proven wrong at least on one point very clearly.

PanzerWrecks has a pic of a Panther near Elst, during Market Garden with a Kampfraumheizung which Jentz states was introduced not until December 1944.

So go figure how that fits.

As to the wheels, you will also see that the rubber rims are the same color/tint/hue as the metal parts of the wheels, and that there is sufficient ground build up behind the tracks, and there are clear marks of sideways movement in the earth next to the vehicle.

Now, just a thought, I'm not stating it as fact, just an idea, is it possible that the Panther was doing more of these sideways manouvres? Perhaps it was being tested to see how the IR gear would hold up in these conditions, you wouldn't want to see your expensive (which it was) IR gear tumble down into the turret whenever the tank would bank left of right, or made a turn on the spot.

And could a build-up of earth cause the wheels, to color darker? It's just a thought, another approach to explain the color of the wheels.
Damraska
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 03:19 AM UTC

Quoted Text

Can I ask? Is there a real answer to this question being discussed or just opinions (which are fine)



No 100% certain answer.

The preponderance of the evidence--orders, color pictures, memoirs, etc.--does not support the claim. On occasion someone will bring out a black and white picture claiming it shows red oxide, but since black and white photographs do not capture any information about light wavelength they are useless for such interpretations. On occasion someone will quote a particular order (seen in the discussion above) that indicates red oxide may have been used. It can be interpreted either way. On occasion, someone pulls out a postwar photo of a German tank and claims it shows red oxide as part of the camouflage scheme. The photos are generally poor and taken long after the war. On occasion, a memoir or expert will claim red oxide was left exposed on a tank, but the physical evidence does not back it up.

All that being said, it is impossible to prove a negative. Unless some enterprising researcher can produce perfect color pictures of every Panther from cradle to grave, one cannot prove it did not happen. On the other hand, if even one good, color, wartime photo of a tank wearing red oxide camouflage comes to light, it will prove it did happen. About the greatest achievement a researcher can make is disproving some well entrenched fact. This dynamic propels the whole topic forward. But always remember Occam's Razor--all other things being equal, the simplest solution is the best (or extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof).

Herbert, who I respect as an expert on this topic and WWII German armor in general, deftly parries the arguments for red oxide primer so I will leave that to him. I very much disagree with his opinion regarding accuracy and the hobby, but fighting that duel will serve no good purpose and ultimately resolve nothing.

Please note that I am just answering Wayne's question. I think the debate is healthful and encourage both sides to bring their best.

-Doug
Jamesite
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 03:31 AM UTC
Couldn't the wheels of the IR panther be olivgrun?
As is discussed, seperate parts were painted olivgrun by subcontractors.

That is an interesting picture of the museum panther, but proves little in my opinion. The paintwork is in awful condition and its quite possible that the red areas are little more than the primer showing through where the elements (and little kids feet) have removed the paint. It's in far to poor a condition to surmise anything from the pic.

At the moment we are going to have to use the available evidence, which is the orders given on camouflage painting. I'm not going to rule out primer as part of a camo scheme until I see definitive evidence against it. As I won't fully beleive it until I see evidence for it.
However, I would say it would be unlikely; think about it, is bright red really a decent camouflage colour you'd want to have on your tank going into battle?

What I think we can definately say is a no-no is random parts of a tank coloured in primer red, this as Herbert makes clear would not have passed the quality control methods present at the plants.

Of course each modeller has their own priorities, accuracy or artistic license and each to their own, however, I feel its best to base artistic license on some form of evidence.

One way I feel this could be answerd is through paint analysis of preserved tanks. Bovington did this on their Tiger 1 to find out it had a two tone camo scheme when captured in North Africa. Surely using modern analysis techniques it would be possible to peel back the paint layers on the preserved panthers and Tiger B's etc. and find out what their original paint jobs were.
It would require some time and co-ordination however, numerous paint chips from different vehicles worldwide.

Anyone up for the task?

James
404NotFound
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 03:51 AM UTC

Quoted Text

Couldn't the wheels of the IR panther be olivgrun?



This is what I had wondered...
jimbrae
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 04:23 AM UTC
Back to another thought (never having gone into the core question before).. Could it be that Primer, would not have been used (as part of a camo scheme) simply because of it's different composition/characteristics to the USUAL paint types?

Sometimes the simplest explanations may be the correct ones... (fat chance )
Kuno-Von-Dodenburg
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 04:54 AM UTC
This has turned into an interesting and lively discussion, I have to say.

Given that there seems to be very little (if any) documentary evidence of red primer being used as camo and / or of tanks being sent into battle with red primer replacement parts, I'm scratching my head in bewilderment at how the "red primer" craze even got off the ground in the first place.

On the wider issue of accuracy vs. artistic license, I say live and let live. Each to their own. Both Wayne and Herbert make valid points.

Me? I say yes, buy and build the best and most accurate model you can within the limits of (a) your skills and (b) your budget - but above all do what's right for you and enjoy yourself.

And if that means not being overly anal about the precise placement of jacks, the scale thickness of grab handles and whatnot - then that's all well and good, because the model will still look "The Business" to probably 99.99% of the people who will actually see it.

I'd venture that for most modellers, it's all about striking a balance.

But in the light of all this, I've now abandoned my previous plan of doing a partial red oxide scheme on my Dragon 1/35 Panther Coelian that I've now got fully assembled and that will soon have a date with my Iwata (once work and wife commitments allow).

- Steve
404NotFound
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 05:38 AM UTC

Quoted Text

I'm scratching my head in bewilderment at how the "red primer" craze even got off the ground in the first place.



I've wondered about this as well. I think the first example I'd ever seen was a late-war Jagdpanther in overall olivgrun with a spare red wheel. I believe I saw this build on track-link.net.

Another initial example might also be the 421 build in the Osprey Panther modeling book. Another red wheel...

After that, it seems to have taken off to the point where we now have these clown car schemes with the red parts sprinkled here and there and [shudder] red barrels ala the E-100 kit box art. A couple of years from now, it'll be something else... Maybe deliberate overspray on tire rubber (they didn't mask tires or have 1:1 Eduard stencils, did they?) Or maybe more accurately, different shades of dunkelgelb or olivgrun to point out different points of manufacture for wheels, hull, turret, barrel and so on.
H_Ackermans
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 11:50 AM UTC

Quoted Text


Quoted Text

Couldn't the wheels of the IR panther be olivgrun?



This is what I had wondered...



It is a possibility, but not regard it as basecoated Oliv Grün, that didn't happen until order was given on December 29, 1944. This IR Panther was assembled at DB mid September 1944.

Around the time the order was given for the armour forging plants to stop applying the Dunkel Gelb basecoat and deliver components in Rot Oxid primer.

Which makes an interesting point to consider, WHAT was being left only covered in Rot Oxid? NOT all components of the vehicle, such as wheels, cupolas, OVM-racks, grills, exhaust covers, bins and such were coming from armour forging plants. How were these treated? Who made those? Did DB, MAN and MNH manufacture these? Probably. Plants like Rheinmetal, Krupp and DHHV were in the business of making iron into armour, and from armour create hulls and turret bodies.

My idea is this pickle about Rot Oxid will linger on as long as the King Tiger with Porsche turret myth, or Panther-II with Schmalturm idea, as these errors were introduced not by the simplest of minds, but rather by THE authority on German Armour, Walther J. Spielberger. And he mis-interpreted for instance a report on progress of the Panther-II, considering the stated 1943 as being erroneous and believed it should read 1944. We all know what this led to.

And by the way, Hillary Doyle drew the Panther-II with Schmalturm in Panther und Seine Abarten, so 2 people at that time, who are authorities on German Armour, introduced this particular hard to stamp out myth.

With this I want to illustrate, an authority on a subject isn't excluded from making mistakes. Just a reminder, again, Jentz and the December 1944 date for the Kampfraumheizung.

404NotFound
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 12:17 PM UTC
OK, well thinking about this a minute, I'd already considered that the order for overall olivgrun occurred after the manufacture of the IR Panther shown. But, and it seems very clear in the high-res photo in Panzertracts 5-3, the wheels look very dark, and what's more, very clean. So in my humble opinion, I am not going to go with an even coating of mud on this.

That leaves me to consider the nature and intention of the ambush scheme. The effect was intended to mimic the dappling of light that occurs through trees. The ambush scheme is what it says it is: It's intended to hide vehicles in shadow. To my mind then, it stands to reason that leaving the running gear in overall dunkelgelb would defeat the purpose of camo designed to hide a vehicle in shadow. Painting the wheels olivgrun though would be consistent with the intended effect of attempting to blend the vehicle in with shadows. Just thinking out loud here...
H_Ackermans
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 12:24 PM UTC
Well, looking at Tigers, Panthers, Pumas, Lynxes and such, they all have white/ light colored bellies, the animals that is.

Fightercraft even have lumintating strips added to counter dark areas on their surfaces, so it stands open to debate wether a lighter or darker lower area is better camouflaged.
plstktnkr2
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 01:06 PM UTC
does it occur to any one but me that the "stripes" in the Patton photo could occur from people getting on and off and wearing through the color coat? BEFORE it got to the museum?
Just for giggles did the spare parts urgently needed at the front get painted too?
suppose that spares came "eu natural" in red oxide primer? or maybe they ran out of red-brown and used primer as a "stand-in"?

just food for thought (or fuel for the fire). lol
rick
DamonW
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 03:24 PM UTC
I was reading this thread and was wondering about the statement that armor hulls and components were only delivered to the assembly plants in red oxide primer from Sept. - Dec. 1944. I believe that this is imlpying that they were delivered in dunkelgelb before this? Looking at photos of panther hulls on MAN's assembly line in Jan. 1944 would seem to contradict this. The hulls and most components appear to be painted in red oxide primer in the areas not covered by zimmerit. The only areas that appear to be dunkelgelb are on the lower hull and suspension components. These seem to have just been painted during assembly and a pronounced demarcation line appears between this and the primer. Moving on to something more on topic, I personally think that the photo from the Patton Museum shows a heavily weathered dunkelgruen and rotbraun, not primer finish. Especially since this pattern was repeated on the main gun barrel.
404NotFound
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 04:48 PM UTC
Speaking of furry cats as opposed to the steel variety usually discussed here, the explanation we were given in school regarding light-colored bellies is that it was camouflage that evolved to blend in with the sky. It was said that it presented less of a target for snakes and other vermin. But maybe that's better left to some other forum...
H_Ackermans
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Posted: Wednesday, December 03, 2008 - 08:55 PM UTC

Quoted Text

I was reading this thread and was wondering about the statement that armor hulls and components were only delivered to the assembly plants in red oxide primer from Sept. - Dec. 1944. I believe that this is imlpying that they were delivered in dunkelgelb before this? Looking at photos of panther hulls on MAN's assembly line in Jan. 1944 would seem to contradict this. The hulls and most components appear to be painted in red oxide primer in the areas not covered by zimmerit. The only areas that appear to be dunkelgelb are on the lower hull and suspension components. These seem to have just been painted during assembly and a pronounced demarcation line appears between this and the primer. Moving on to something more on topic, I personally think that the photo from the Patton Museum shows a heavily weathered dunkelgruen and rotbraun, not primer finish. Especially since this pattern was repeated on the main gun barrel.



Now I'm confused as well. I know the picture you are referring to regarding the Ausf. A in Jan. 1944 and it indeed shows Dunkel Gelb gratings over the fans and air intakes, but the hull itself is in a dark color. Confusing to say the least. Especially since the surface shows "paint damage" in areas, and Rot Oxid is very tough, it wouldn't just scuff away, or even scratch away.

Man, this is becoming more and more complex with pictures clearly contradicting what we read in the books
404NotFound
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 02:34 AM UTC
As I wrote, we have authorities on the subject backing away from color plates in their own books, so it seems that anything could be up for speculation.

And again, I return to the recent color photos of a Panther schurzen found in Hungary. It appears to be overall rotbraun with dunkelgelb and olivgrun camo overspray. I wish I could remember the forum where it was posted. Maybe wehrmacht-awards.com, was it? In any case, I saved the photos to my computer.
DamonW
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 02:40 AM UTC
Hey Herbert, I know what you mean. The problem is also compounded by different factories using different finishing methods. MAN and MNH seem to have prepainted certain components and areas of the vehicle during assembly, while from photos it appears that DB and Henschel seem to leave everything in primer and paint it all in one shot at the end. The end result is the same, just different way of getting there. The change in paint schemes and interpretations of the changes adds to the confusion. Back to the theme of this post. I was wondering if you have noticed the dark paint areas seen on late panther lower hulls from MNH and MAN. It appears darker than what should be green and could be fresh red oxide primer. It also seems to weather better than the rest of the paint, it can still be seen on photos of the Patton Museum panther, even after sitting outside for years. Unfortunately this area can't be seen clearly in the color photos.
Kelley
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 04:39 AM UTC

Quoted Text

However, I would say it would be unlikely; think about it, is bright red really a decent camouflage colour you'd want to have on your tank going into battle?


I think James has hit the proverbial nail on the head with this statement. Most people seem to think that the red oxide primer the Germans used during the war was very close to the red-brown camo color. I have seen several good quality pics, and have talked to guys who have seen the color in person, the color was much closer to bright red than red brown.

Cheers,
Mike
404NotFound
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 05:01 AM UTC
I'm sure someone will disagree with me, but if the red oxide was the bright red as you say, it makes no sense to me that the Germans would issue whatever dwindling production of tanks in bright red. No matter how desperate the situation, with "jabos" swarming everywhere hunting for targets, there should have been the presence of mind to do whatever it takes to camouflage their precious supply of tanks. Just my dos centavos.
Kelley
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 07:13 AM UTC

Quoted Text

I'm sure someone will disagree with me, but if the red oxide was the bright red as you say, it makes no sense to me that the Germans would issue whatever dwindling production of tanks in bright red. No matter how desperate the situation, with "jabos" swarming everywhere hunting for targets, there should have been the presence of mind to do whatever it takes to camouflage their precious supply of tanks. Just my dos centavos.


Exactly!

Mike
taylgr
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 08:06 AM UTC

Quoted Text


Given that there seems to be very little (if any) documentary evidence of red primer being used as camo
- Steve



Given that other posts on this forum have held up Tom Jentz as the "holy grail" when it comes to this matter, I find it surprising that here we are NOW arguing that he is just plain wrong, and it just seems to be on the basis of "we don't reckon that red oxide looks right"

WELL if Herb's right and this vehicle is around Sept of '44



AND if this scheme was the "gestation'or first stage of the ambush scheme (this looks to be the base scheme with only the ambush dappling added) above





AND Jentz was right



THEN - going back to first principles - this pic tells us that only 3 colours were being employed - we know what the lightest shade was, and we can assume that the mid shade is the green - it's clear that both of these colours have been sprayed OVER the darkest base colour, I think we'd have to accept, wouldn't we, that the only (dark) colour being employed as an ENTIRE base coat in Jentz's scenario is the primer finish




Greg

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wbill76
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 11:45 AM UTC
Greg,

There's a third possibility...that Jentz is right but the section cited is not about the colors used in the "ambush" scheme? The section cited talks about the phases that Tiger IIs went through in terms of their camo, but interestingly the section 6.3.4.1 is what addresses the "ambush" scheme colors...but it's cut-off and not referenced, what does it say? Is it conceivable that the description of application of Dunkelgelb and Olivgrun over the red primer was meant to be a two-tone hard-edged scheme and not three-tone, ending up with a scheme for example that is seen on the DML Panther G box-art? We automatically assume that is should be three-tone but perhaps that itself is a mis-conception?
taylgr
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 11:58 AM UTC

Quoted Text

Greg,

There's a third possibility...that Jentz is right but the section cited is not about the colors used in the "ambush" scheme? The section cited talks about the phases that Tiger IIs went through in terms of their camo, but interestingly the section 6.3.4.1 is what addresses the "ambush" scheme colors...but it's cut-off and not referenced, what does it say? Is it conceivable that the description of application of Dunkelgelb and Olivgrun over the red primer was meant to be a two-tone hard-edged scheme and not three-tone, ending up with a scheme for example that is seen on the DML Panther G box-art? We automatically assume that is should be three-tone but perhaps that itself is a mis-conception?



Good point Bill - infact the ambush scheme order for the tigers talks about the use of Red Brown and olive green on a base coat of Dunkelgelb



But if the dates of production (as suggested by others here) of the IR Panther - are anything like correct the earlier ambush scheme orders are not relevant (August '44) - it also appears from the photos I posted earlier that the lighter and mid-shade colours are OVER sprayed on the darker colour


?????


Greg

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wbill76
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 12:05 PM UTC

Quoted Text



But if the dates of production (as suggested by others here) of the IR Panther - are anything like correct the earlier ambush scheme orders are not relevant (August '44) - it also appears from the photos I posted earlier that the lighter and mid-shade colours are OVER sprayed on the darker colour



Anything produced before August 1944 would've been basecoated at the factory in Dunkelgelb and then camo painted in the field...so if the IR panther was produced before 1944, any camo that it's wearing would have to have either a) been applied in the field or b) applied at the factory when refitted with the IR gear?
taylgr
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 12:17 PM UTC

Quoted Text


Quoted Text



But if the dates of production (as suggested by others here) of the IR Panther - are anything like correct the earlier ambush scheme orders are not relevant (August '44) - it also appears from the photos I posted earlier that the lighter and mid-shade colours are OVER sprayed on the darker colour



Anything produced before August 1944 would've been basecoated at the factory in Dunkelgelb and then camo painted in the field...so if the IR panther was produced before 1944, any camo that it's wearing would have to have either a) been applied in the field or b) applied at the factory when refitted with the IR gear?



True - but suggestions here are that this vehicle was completed around Sept of '44 - agree that earlier than this vehicles would have looked like this at the factory (would love to see the rest of the footage that this grab came from)



Don't know that we will ever know the real answer - but choose to model my vehicles on the basis of what Jentz says but tempered by common sense based on what I see in photos like those I posted earlier.

Greg

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wbill76
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Posted: Thursday, December 04, 2008 - 02:50 PM UTC

Quoted Text



True - but suggestions here are that this vehicle was completed around Sept of '44 - agree that earlier than this vehicles would have looked like this at the factory (would love to see the rest of the footage that this grab came from)



Don't know that we will ever know the real answer - but choose to model my vehicles on the basis of what Jentz says but tempered by common sense based on what I see in photos like those I posted earlier.

Greg



It's a convoluted argument/discussion anyway you slice it even if you assume Jentz is 100% correct...but then that assumes the ambush scheme was applied for just one month...i.e. August 19 to Sept 9, 1944? Adhering to the strict timelines laid out in the Jentz descriptions and assuming no overlap would indicate that this would be how things look the way I read it (again the text provided says this is for Tiger IIs, not sure that means it's universally applicable...the text on the Ambush scheme by Jentz specifically says all armored vehicles):

1) pre-August 19, 1944 Dunkelgelb base coat at the factory, field applied camo
2) August 19, 1944 to Sept 9, 1944 Dunkelgelb base coat at the factory, patches of Olivegrun and Rotbraun applied over it at the factory with ambush pattern
3) Sept 9, 1944 to March 1, 1945 Dunkelgelb and Olivegrun onto (that's the exact word in Jentz text and onto means onto...even when you use "sparingly" it's still being applied onto the primer but doesn't mean that primer is being left exposed) red-oxide primer (factory or supplier applied) at the factory
4) March 1, 1945 onward Dunkelgelb and Rotbraun applied with hard contours over Olivegrun basecoat (all factory or supplier applied).

If you assume all of that to be true...then the only scheme that isn't three tone is the Sept to March timeframe...but the rationale that's always been put forth about why is due to low paint stocks and paint conservation necessitated incorporating rex oxide primer into the camo scheme. Ultimately, this doesn't make too much sense to me just from a logical state of things perspective...if that were the reason, why would they switch back to a three tone scheme in March that would now involve a base coat of Olivegrun? March is when the factories were beginning to be overrun and the collapse imminent...why choose that time of all times to go back to a paint-heavy three-tone scheme?

Setting that off to the side though...let's return to that Panther pick with the three-tone, hard-edged scheme.


While we have come to think of the ambush scheme as including the dapples, I would put forth that it's entirely possible that those were not added at the factory but instead were added in the field and/or not universally applied depending on the circumstances. The Jentz description doesn't stipulate that those were applied at the factory, only that the three tone colors were. This picture below that was posted would seem to confirm that...there are dapples on the schurzen but not on the rest of the vehicle...so the assumption there is that it's the standard "ambush" three tones featured...Rotbraun, Olivegrun, and Dunkelgelb...but over red oxide primer basecoat or Dunkelgelb only and Robtraun and Olvegrun added? The ambush pattern order suggests over a Dunkelgelb basecoat.



So the real question comes down to this...and I admit that I don't have the answer...was the "ambush" pattern really only applied for 1 month at the factory and then discontinued in favor of a different scheme starting Sept 9 and then remaining in effect until March 1? If that second scheme from Sept 9 to March 1 is a three-tone scheme, then Jentz is either incomplete in his description, the ambush scheme wasn't discontinued after just one month but continued until March 1 when the Olivegrun came into use as the basecoat, or primer was incorporated...those are the three possible scenarios. I admit I don't know which one is the "true" option...that's the problem with the interpretive nature of relying on Jentz and only Jentz for the answer...and as Herbert has pointed out, the esteemed Mr. Jentz is not always infallible.