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Armor/AFV: Axis - WWII
Armor and ground forces of the Axis forces during World War II.
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Schurzen
nheather
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 03:25 PM UTC
A couple of schurzen questions for all you Axis armour experts out there.

I am currently building some late war Pz IV and Stug III in 15mm for war gaming. Both have schurzen and the Pz IV has armour around the turret too.

My questions are

i) in reality how common was schurzen and extra turret armour?

ii) more often than not models show the schuurzen with missing plates or with plates at odd angles. Again how common was this?

The reason I ask is if I google image search for models practically every one shows schurzen and usually with missing plates.

But if I google for real archive pictures, most do not have schurzen at all and those that do are in the majority of cases fully intact.

So I'm wondering whether schurzen was really a common thing or whether its use has been exaggerated by the modelling community.

BTW - my questions are probably more applicable to the Stug III, as the Pz IV archive pictures mostly do have schurzen (but fully intact).

Cheers,

Nigel

RobinNilsson
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 03:44 PM UTC
I am not a Panzer expert!

Regarding images.
When evaluating images you need to consider why, when andfor what purpose they were taken.
When making propaganda images the German leadership would probably not want to show beaten up German Panzers.
Soldiers taking pictures for their own albums might not be so sensitive but they might be careful about not taking photos that could land them in trouble.
Allied photos of beaten up Panzers could be more common since it is easier to take a picture of a "dead" Panzer than a fully operational, combat loaded and aggressive one.

Operational considerations.
Assume that the German troops thought that the Schürzen were useful and actually increased their protection/safety.
Would they fix a broken/misaligned/dangling plate as soon as possible or would they wait for the next shot to blow the plate away? Would they take pictures directly after limping back to a repair troop or afterwards? Maybe equal probabilities on this ..
Images from tactical/technical after action assessment reports could have images of damaged equipment.

/ Robin

Read below at your own risk.











An extreme example: I go to the toilet every day, usually more than once but there is not one single picture of me actually sitting there.
ericadeane
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 03:52 PM UTC

Quoted Text


My questions are

i) in reality how common was schurzen and extra turret armour?

ii) more often than not models show the schuurzen with missing plates or with plates at odd angles. Again how common was this?



Here are my thoughts: schurzen (and the later "thoma" screens) were added to counter a viable threat -- Soviet 14.5mm AT Rifles -- which could penetrate many thinner areas of German AFVs. The schurzen were strategically placed to counter this threat, not only on Pz III/IV or StuG III/IV -- but also the mighty Tiger 2, Panthers and Jgdpzr 38(t).

As for modelers -- they want a more visually interesting final product than a less visually interesting one -- that's why you'll see the skewed or missing plates -- regardless of how frequent they occurred in real life
d111298pw
#456
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 04:37 PM UTC

Quoted Text

A couple of schurzen questions for all you Axis armour experts out there.

I am currently building some late war Pz IV and Stug III in 15mm for war gaming. Both have schurzen and the Pz IV has armour around the turret too.

My questions are

i) in reality how common was schurzen and extra turret armour?

ii) more often than not models show the schuurzen with missing plates or with plates at odd angles. Again how common was this?

The reason I ask is if I google image search for models practically every one shows schurzen and usually with missing plates.

But if I google for real archive pictures, most do not have schurzen at all and those that do are in the majority of cases fully intact.

So I'm wondering whether schurzen was really a common thing or whether its use has been exaggerated by the modelling community.

BTW - my questions are probably more applicable to the Stug III, as the Pz IV archive pictures mostly do have schurzen (but fully intact).

Cheers,

Nigel




Not sure about the Panzer III, but schurzen was added in April 1943 beginning with the Panzer IV Ausf. G. It was installed on the Ausf. H and the Ausf J, until September 1944 when the switch to the Thoma screens was made. Several of the references mention that the sections would come off and it was not uncommon for the plates to be damaged from AT rifle fire.
Bonaparte84
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 04:45 PM UTC

Quoted Text


But if I google for real archive pictures, most do not have schurzen at all and those that do are in the majority of cases fully intact.



I believe your approach is somewhat flawed, as you have to factor in the versions of these vehicles that never carried Schürzen.

Schürzen were introduced a few years into the war, around mid 1943 I believe. At some point, all newly manufactured/ overhauled vehicles of a certain type would carry them.
From the top of my head, Schürzen first appeared with the Panzer III Ausf. M, Panzer IV Ausf. H and StuG III Ausf. G/ StuG 40 respectively.
Schürzen were also retrofitted to earlier types of those vehicles if they were still around long enough.
Hence, if you look at the wrong version of a vehicle / pictures from the wrong time period, you simply can't find any traces of Schürzen.
At some point, they become a must to accurately represent a vehicle. Even in the rare event that a vehicle lost all the Schürzen/ the crew took them off, you still would see the mounting supports.

In a nutshell, Schürzen as a fact certainly aren't overly depicted by modelers (provided it's the correct vehicle version). What probably is being overdone is how often Schürzen are shown as missing/ coming from another vehicle/ being painted in red primer.
Just my "2"cents
barkingdigger
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 05:31 PM UTC
Nigel,

In addition to timeframe determining whether the skirts should be present, there is a difference in the way turret skirts and hull skirts were attached that affects the presence/loss. Turret ones were bolted to their brackets, and didn't simply fall off, while hull plates were hung on their brackets by two or more loops, and could be dislodged if the tank bumped into anything solid enough (rubble, buildings, other tanks...) to heave them up and off the hooks leaving them either hanging at a jaunty angle or falling off plate by plate. Of course re-hanging them was just as easy, so a tank with sloppy plates is just a moment captured on film!

But I'm sure the use of this in models is as prone to exaggeration as rusting and chipping...
ayovtshev
#490
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 07:22 PM UTC
Just adding to what Tom wrote: the ease of losing a single/lot of Schuerzen in battle conditions forced the introduction of the late type Schuerzen mounting, where each Schurzen was hanged on a single flange, enabling it to rotate around it if the vehicle hit some obstacle and-to some extent-avoid it's loss.

nheather
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 09:11 PM UTC

Quoted Text


Quoted Text


But if I google for real archive pictures, most do not have schurzen at all and those that do are in the majority of cases fully intact.



I believe your approach is somewhat flawed, as you have to factor in the versions of these vehicles that never carried Schürzen.

Schürzen were introduced a few years into the war, around mid 1943 I believe. At some point, all newly manufactured/ overhauled vehicles of a certain type would carry them.
From the top of my head, Schürzen first appeared with the Panzer III Ausf. M, Panzer IV Ausf. H and StuG III Ausf. G/ StuG 40 respectively.
Schürzen were also retrofitted to earlier types of those vehicles if they were still around long enough.
Hence, if you look at the wrong version of a vehicle / pictures from the wrong time period, you simply can't find any traces of Schürzen.
At some point, they become a must to accurately represent a vehicle. Even in the rare event that a vehicle lost all the Schürzen/ the crew took them off, you still would see the mounting supports.

In a nutshell, Schürzen as a fact certainly aren't overly depicted by modelers (provided it's the correct vehicle version). What probably is being overdone is how often Schürzen are shown as missing/ coming from another vehicle/ being painted in red primer.
Just my "2"cents



Should have made it clear - my searches were for Pz IV H and Stug III G.

This is for Normanday 1944 and into 1945.

Cheers,

Nigel
Frenchy
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 09:22 PM UTC
Some food for thought

https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6247053433/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6334540328/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6686487059/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6792052251/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6829048365/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/8294653342/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/8901275558/in/album-72157623974334796/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/4570350211/in/album-72157627288391008/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/5577948838/in/album-72157627288391008/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/6247054383/in/album-72157627288391008/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/8326674803/in/album-72157627288391008/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/9476124400/in/album-72157627288391008/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/deckarudo/9683271851/in/album-72157627288391008/

H.P.
LikesTanks
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Posted: Thursday, November 02, 2017 - 10:54 PM UTC
Many after action images of Stugs show them with no schürzen, often all that's left of the whole arrangement are the brackets that the main rail attached to or the triangular support on the front fender. Some Normandy Pz IVs achieve this look as well.
Hohenstaufen
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Posted: Friday, November 03, 2017 - 03:55 PM UTC
I haven't much to add to this but here's my two penn'orth. Frenchy's photos show typical damaged and missing shurzen, on several different types of vehicle. As Roy says they were introduced in 1943 to counter Russian anti-tank rifles, NOT hollow charge missiles which is a common misconception (the Russians didn't use them), but there was also a standing rule in German design, that tanks should be resistant to their own weapons to some extent in case of capture. The later "Thoma" wire mesh screens had the same effect but saved materials.
While out of action shots frequently show complete sets, once a tank was in action the skirts were frequently lost or damaged by banging into things, or could be removed by blast, as they were just hung on teeth on the mounting rails. There is also the fact that a badly damaged skirt could foul the running gear, so the crew might remove it, after all, if it had stopped a hit, it had done its job.
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