Armor/AFV: Vietnam
All things Vietnam
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Engine for M109 & M108 too?
18Bravo
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 11:16 AM UTC

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Hiya Frenchy,
Great pics. The first photo is an excellent study of the engine bay.
In the second photo has that guy got jungle boots on?!
Thanks mate.
Joe.


Green jungle boots were authorized up til just a few years ago; off the top of my head, maybe 2008? At the same time they killed the BDUs.

As for the guy in the sneakers, I had a battalion commander who wore tennis shoes in the tank and put on his wet weather boots when he got off. Real strange dude, to him, you did not wear your muddy boots inside the tank.



Jungle boots and BDU's are still authorized in the PI for certain MOS's engaged in OEF (P).

I think the guy with the tennis shoes is actually wearing a PT uniform under the coveralls. The gray hood gives it away. As you know, the grays came right after the banana suit. I can envision the company commander saying "If you're going to wear tennis shoes wear you PT's with them."
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 02:17 PM UTC

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According to the references I've found, the M108 above and the one in the b&w picture I've posted belong to the 3d Howitzer Battalion, 6th Field Artillery "Centaurs", I Field Force, Vietnam (IFFV) :
Arrived in Vietnam June 17, 1966 ; stationed at Pleiku ; initially assigned to IFFV serving in the Central Highlands; then assigned to the 52nd Artillery Group ; departed for CONUS in 1970.

HTH

Frenchy



I thought I read 3rd of the 4th, but also have old eyeballs. First Field Force was actually earlier than 1969, and predates the War Zone Two area. I doubt if it was actually in Pleiku, but maybe at an FOB operating out of Pleiku (note: there was at least a couple units operating in the very southern parts of I-Corps that headquartered in Pleiku). I knew the IFFV I.D. was odd, and have never seen it used anywhere. Oregon predates the Americal Division, and I think it actually predates I-Corps. I came into the Americal Division into the start of the second full year, if memory serves me right. I'll ask a buddy of mine who did a tour out of Pleiku in 1966 or 67 with the 3rd of the 18th when they were down there
gary

P.S. I just re-read your post, and now it falls in place! Arrived in 1966 is the key word. The numbers could well have been in place for all those years. I think maybe those operated once or maybe more in the extreme southern AO's in I-Corps in the spring of 1968 around Duc Pho or LZ Bronco. Also think they are actually part of the 4th Infantry Division when over there (they had folks all over the place)
glt
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 02:24 PM UTC

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It's from 3/6FA attached to 4ID. The picture came from a vet who said he was in Pleiku in 1969. I'm not saying it's his photo, more than likely a DOD picture, but he said it was from his unit. Here is another picture he sent me.



I'm just going by what the guy told me.




all makes sense now
gary
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 02:43 PM UTC

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Except for maybe one, all the shells are brass and not too far away from the gun.



Except for maybe one? I'd be curious how you came to that conclusion from a photo, Tony. All ammo is fired from the same lot, they are never mixed. Powder consistency is vital to maintaining a proper sheaf.
The steel shells I fired had an anodized appearance anyway, and were quite old. They do not actually look like they're made of steel.
Forgot to add earlier that one round (representative of where most of the ready rounds are) will be opened, and a thermometer will be inserted into one of the bags. As I said, powder consistency is vital, and changes in temp are calculated along with other factors such as ambient temp, barometric pressure, humidity...
I got that from experience as a 13B by the way, not some dude who emailed it to me.



I never did combat on a 105, but a lot of the times we had them close by. Never paid much attention as to how they did their ammo lot numbers, but what you say makes good sense. Most 105's actually ran things just like the otherguys did, but in a different way. They all had contact lots of ammo (except 175's), and every gun had a hundred or so of this lot number stored away for firing close to friendlies. The other ammo is generic as the lot numbers can be mixed up. The ammo dump will also have that same lot number isolated from the others to be able to resupply a contact lot. When the inventory runs low the call will go out for a new contact lot number, and the guys in the rear will be tasked to find one asap (in TET 1968 we went thru three contact lots in about three weeks). On 155's and larger they also do a contact powder lot number, and it's also isolated. There was no contact lot for WP, Illumination, or cluster (beehive with 105's).
Powder temps are monitored very closely, and it was always taken from a contact lot of powder in the shade (I've taken temps that were in the mid 140's). They take these temps every three hours in daytime, and a couple times at night. There is a factor number they add to the equation that parallels the temp numbers
(I spent a long and agonizing OJT in FDC once). Normally the FDC and Batallion FDC will call down for the powder temps at just about the sametime, and the guy on phone watch will do the check on it.
gary
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 02:51 PM UTC

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It's from 3/6FA attached to 4ID. The picture came from a vet who said he was in Pleiku in 1969. I'm not saying it's his photo, more than likely a DOD picture, but he said it was from his unit. Here is another picture he sent me.

I'm just going by what the guy told me.




@Joe
I think I'd be more receptive to advice from Trickymissfit and Mike, than someone who relies on hearsay. Especially if that someone is a guy who has nothing better to do than stay up until almost midnight just to try to prove one of these vets wrong. But that's me.



don't be mad or anything, but there's several men on this board that probably have an even greater knowledge of the game of sending iron down range than I do. 105's are something I just didn't do a lot, and even when I did shoot 105's, it was stateside. My gambit was 155's and bigger, but they are very similar in many ways.
I just learned today how they took powder temps on a 105 (never thought much about it). SPG's all work off the same format; wether big or small. So put an ear to the ground and learn like the rest of us
gary
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 02:58 PM UTC

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The 105mm ammo boxes look like this:







Verlinden makes a pretty good 105mm ammo set.



Gino,
I just absolutly love the photo of the Marines!!

The second photo is probably the first round shot from that position. They're shooting high angle. But what got me was the guy adjusting the elevation with his hands on the breech handle (looks that way to me). Just another great pic Gino!
gary
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 03:06 PM UTC

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I've had an idea for years, and since I'll never get around to it, you are welcome to it:

Most arty dios obviously feature the piece, usually a few ammo handlers, a number one man, a gunner, an AG, and assorted ammo components scattered around the gun. Other than that, one is pretty much like the others.
Now we know Joes have a way of making the routine a little more interesting, in combat or in training. A 105 crew is no different. There's always a little side action going on.
Number one man drops the casing out of the breech -- (yes, it is usually barehanded out of the breech right after firing) he owes the chief a beer.
Number one flips the casing out the back and it lands on end -- the chief owes him a beer. Naturally, someone must keep a tally. What I always wanted to do was show the number one man in the act of tossing the casing (or watching it as it lands) and have some sort of blackboard near the rear of the piece with "standers" written at the top left, with tally marks underneath, and at the top right "drops" also with tallies underneath. Then under that, "beers owed" with a few names, each with tallies next to their names. This would be in keeping with the finest tradition of the field artillery, and even St. Barbara would be proud.
By the way, the trick is not to try and toss the casing so that it lands on end, but to toss it in such a way that is lands opening first, angled slightly away from you, and then bounces up on its end. The primer tube inside the base gives it a surprising amount of weight, and getting three or four in a row to stand is not uncommon.



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Except for maybe one, all the shells are brass and not too far away from the gun.




Why must everything be a point of contention with some people? Gary said they wouldn't be anywhere close to the gun, and they're not. They're plenty far enough away to prevent them from hindering the crew, which is always a good thing when you're carrying primed ammo around.

As for how aiming stakes work:
Make a knife edge with your hand and place it vertically against your nose. Now sight along your hand at two other nearby objects in your house or yard, all in a line. Those two objects represent the stakes, your hand and eyes are the gunsight. Now rotate your head. That represents a deflection right or left. Note that the your hand is no longer in line with the two objects. The far object appears to be between the near object and your hand. This is where the phrase "Hey diddle diddle far pole in the middle" originates. When you set a deflection on the Pantel (panoramic telescope) you turn the deflection wheel until you have the same sight picture, with the far pole appearing exactly centered between the near pole and the stadia lines. You'll need a large dio to do it by the book -- 50 and 100 meters, but terrain may dictate (and the book allows for) much shorter distance. The important thing is that the far pole is twice the distance as the near pole. When you paint them, make sure the alternating red and white are 10 cm in width. Some people have called these "ranging poles" and been called on it. They are correct however, because way back in the day, the known width of the bands on the pole was actually used to calculate the range to far registration points. It's not even taught at Ft. Sill any more, as its usefulness has long been phased out.
Hope this helps, and doesn't further confuse you.



remember it's just like football "NFL"; near, far line. You sound like an artillary officer, may I ask if yor are or were?
gary
18Bravo
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 03:10 PM UTC
Nope. I've worked my entire military career.
trickymissfit
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 03:33 PM UTC

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Rob,
You are the man, my friend.
Thanks for the intel on the aiming stakes. I think I have the idea...mabye.
As to your idea regarding the dio, I'm going to do the blackboard scores just for you!
Give me a while, though, as I'm decorating my workstation & cant do any modelling for a bit.
I'll keep you posted on progress.
All the very best to you.
Joe.



my first assignment was with Bravo Battery, 3rd of the 16th (gun three if it matters much). All these guys were out of Ft. Bragg, and had trained together for their entire enlistment. To say the least they were extremely good at their trade (better than 99%). I was trained to goto an 8"/175 gun outfit, and knew just enough about 155's to get into trouble. My orders were tossed in a trash can right in front of me (I'll tell you all where I was headed some othertime), and they took everybody (no matter what you had for an MOS, and sent them to 155 units. But at least I had the right MOS.
Back to the old crew. There were six of them, and each guy was considered key. There was no section chief for our gun (figure?). I soon learned that the gunner did not trigger everything, but the loader did. The speed of the gun was with the AG and loader. Rest were along for the ride as they'd often say. The AG was so good that I've seen him open the breech with fire still in it! The loader loads the round and grabs one side of the rammer staff. Gives it a shove and then simply turns away for the powder bags. All eyes are now on the loaders hands. He loads the powder and puts his hands over his ears (that's the sign everybody looks for). Gun is fired. Down on LZ Gator they used to race for zone sweeps. Looser has to buy a case of beer for the winner. Gun three lost exactly one case of beer in a year when the breech froze up! They had so much beer that they had it stashed all over the place (probably a hundred fifty cases of beer). They still hold the U.S. Army hip shoot record of 3 minutes and 49 seconds (bore clear). These guys threw the second best parties in Vietnam (Later I was known as the best)
gary
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 11:03 PM UTC
So would the crews' bunker be "home"?
I mean if I modelled a bunker for the crew would one expect to find sleeping quarters, family / sweetheart photos on the wall, empty beer cans, washed clothing hanging up, books & magazines lying around, transistor radio / tape deck, etc, etc?
And how close would it be to the artillery piece?
Joe.
Frenchy
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 11:06 PM UTC

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Also, did the crew build their quarters (bunkers) next to the gun & what materials did they use?



Joe
Here's a diagram that may help. Just keep in mind that following the book on the battlefield is another story :


Frenchy
joegrafton
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Posted: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 - 11:15 PM UTC
Hi Frenchy,
Great diagram!
Would the powder pit be like a hole dug into the ground?
And would the ammo racks be under cover? I mean if I built a dio would one be able to see them on show?
Joe.
trickymissfit
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 04:46 AM UTC

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Also, did the crew build their quarters (bunkers) next to the gun & what materials did they use?



Joe
Here's a diagram that may help. Just keep in mind that following the book on the battlefield is another story :


Frenchy



* never saw anybody ever have a group of rounds already fused up with time fuses. Just PD's on HE only. Remember you usually shot four PD's for every timed fuse; if not six to one. The real problem with time fuses was that they used three different ones. The 565's and 564's were similar in use, and what the actual difference was escapes me. Then there was the expensive one that used a VT as well as an electronic device to create a 20meter higth of burst (that's the one with the plastic cover on it). A typical howitzer will have anywhere from three hundred to five hundred rounds fused with PD's in two basic groups (contact lot and generic)

* left over powder would never be stashed anywhere close to a gun firing. We always tossed it over the parapit wall into a pile that was picked up and burnt the next morning (keep in mind that the basic charge seven was the charge of choice most of the time). A powder pit would be placed away from the basic foot traffic around the gun for saftey reasons alone (nobody wants to step in a hole carrying a WP round)

* most SPG's used an open pit unless they were setup to fire in one basic direction. In Vietnam you might shoot at a 2400 azmuth for six rounds, and then shift to 6400 for another fire mission. M109's often used the same basic parapit that a 155 towed gun used, but with a larger wooden base to shift[auto-censored] the gun on. M110's and M107's were setup a little differently. The 107 just dug into a general direction; while the M110 would often be placed in a parapit similar but larger than the one used on an M109 / M108. In a parapit the rear spade was blocked in position with logs (like rail road ties) to fight displacement. I have seen M109 units with their guns setup to shoot in two and even three basic directions, but not often

* kids shooting a howitzer (no matter which kind) tend to learn real fast. The path to the breech will be made open and easier to access the ammo bunkers. The guys humping the projos will be the ones who set up the position of the powder bunkers and ammo bunkers. Ideally it will be at the sides of the barrel direction, but as we all know that won't always work well. Contact lots of ammo are stored for quick access, but the powder lots are always kept in a generic powder bunker.
gary
joegrafton
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 08:27 AM UTC
Gary,
Forgive my ignorance here but what are PD's?
Joe.
joegrafton
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 08:32 AM UTC
Fellas,
Does anybody have any photographs of the inside of a crews bunker?
I'd like to get a feel of the layout & what they look like.
Actually, it doesn't necessarily need to be an artillery crews bunker, any bunker will do. What was in there, how they looked, etc, etc?
Apprecietaed fellas.
Joe.
Frenchy
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 08:36 AM UTC
Did you see my PM Joe ?

PS : I believe PD means "Point Detonating" (= detonate on impact )

Frenchy
joegrafton
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 09:35 AM UTC
Hi Frenchy,
Yeah, I got your PM my friend. Thankyou.
And thanks for putting me straight on the PD question.
Talk soon.
Joe.
trickymissfit
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 12:50 PM UTC

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Gary,
Forgive my ignorance here but what are PD's?
Joe.



it means "point detenation", but it simply means detenation on impact. There's also a little slot (like a screw driver slot) on the side of the fuse that change detenation to a .5 second delay after impact. This was also used when shooting in heavy rain to keep the rounds from going off when they hit rain drops (I had three 155mm rounds go off about a hundred feet in front of me one night when I was on an LP a couple hundred yards out of the perimeter wire). They also can do this with a time fuse, but I've never seen then used for that purpose
gary
trickymissfit
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 12:59 PM UTC

Quoted Text

Fellas,
Does anybody have any photographs of the inside of a crews bunker?
I'd like to get a feel of the layout & what they look like.
Actually, it doesn't necessarily need to be an artillery crews bunker, any bunker will do. What was in there, how they looked, etc, etc?
Apprecietaed fellas.
Joe.



no two are alike. About the only thing in common is sandbags and they are usually half way if not all the way underground. Most of the time they will have a home made bunk bed system to sleep on. Maybe a mini fridge if they have electricity. And maybe even a stereo system (reel to reel tape decks were popular) . Normally there will be a flash wall placed in front of the entry way (best to have two). No windows. If the ground is very hard the bunkers maybe built above ground, and is the soil is very wet they'll usually do the samething. But if your on one of those vacation trips to one of the garden spots we often speak of, you may find yourself sleeping under a metal culvert like they build bridges out of. They'll just add a bunch of sand bags to the top. Might even be two or three of them per section.
gary
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 07:06 PM UTC
Hi Gary,
Okay, that's great. Thanks.
I dont suppose you have any photos of your stay in country, do you?
Cheers buddy.
Joe.
redleg12
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 10:58 PM UTC
Gary, as usual, a hell of a discussion.....

Joe sorry I have not chimed in here in a bit....couple of quick notes

Besides the Verlindin ammo set that Gino showed, you could also have some 50 cal ammo boxes. They were used to pack fuses. The HE (High Explosive) round comes un-fused. You would normally keep PD and MTSQ fuses (MTSQ = Mechanical Time Super Quick or TI)

I agree with Gary....we would keep plent of rounds fused with PD and one with MTSQ.

Units would usaully have at least a pair of WP rounds and maybe 4 HC smoke rounds at the ready....incase of a call for Immediate Smoke

Illum rounds would be set up as night approached

Powder bags are always away from the gun....some units would have a cut in half 55 gallon drum, others used the empty ammo crates.

Aiming stakes are used as a reference point. They were usually set out so once the gun had traversed far enough that it could not use its primary reference point (infinity colimeter), the gun could then pick up the aiming stake as a reference.

Lastly....for the record, I spent a bulk of my time in the military on the 105mm including commanding a battery of them.

Rounds Complete!!

joegrafton
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Posted: Wednesday, March 17, 2010 - 11:42 PM UTC
Hi Mike,
Couple of great pointers there. This has given me a couple of good ideas.
As an artillery crew, was your day busy?
Was it busier at night or during the daytime? And at night during a fire mission what did you use to illuminate your gun position? Did you have any kind of lighting rigged up?
Joe.
redleg12
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Posted: Thursday, March 18, 2010 - 01:47 AM UTC
Your always busy....If you are not firing, you are cleaning up dunnage, doing position improvement, doing ammo resupply, preparing ammunition, doing maintenance..etc, etc.

As far as the night....NO LIGHTS...We would use flashlights with red lenses to view areas we needed to see....Sights, ammo assembly etc. Aiming posts had small flashlights with red and green lenses which pointed in the direction of the weapon. They were replaced in the 80s by the chem lights and a holder which made their light directional. The collimeter had a power pack and could be illuminated for night use.

It takes training, the entire crew knowing their job and being in the right places. But....there are plenty of colorful metaphores as the crew bumps items of equipment in the dark.

Obviously it is the worst when there is no moon or inclement weather. It is also fun to survey or lay the battery in the dark.

In general you did not want anyone knowing where you were until you fired. Unlike VN with prepared semi-permenant positions, most times you moved into a new position at twilight to perform some missions under the cover of darkness then moved to another position.

Moving is the biggest PIA for artillery and you tend to do it a lot...especially in a 105 unit. VN was a different story. There it was a semi permenant firebase for the support of the grunts.

Rounds Complete!!
joegrafton
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Posted: Thursday, March 18, 2010 - 02:02 AM UTC
Okay Mike,
Thanks for the pointers. So, I'll need a couple of those angled flashlights laying around in my dio then? No problem.
What were the sleeping arrangements, then?
Did you all sleep together in the crew bunker or was it on like a shift system?
Did any of the guys sleep in back of the piece itself?
And how did the fire missions come in? Was there a runner or were you called into action by radio? And where was the radio situated? Was there a guy specifically in charge of the radio at all times?
Joe.
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Posted: Thursday, March 18, 2010 - 02:14 AM UTC
In a Firebase situation, the crew all sleeps together in the bunker. In an open field situation at a friring point, you throw down your sleeping bag around, in, or on your vehicles. There is always someone on either a radio or, more commonly, a wired field telephone. The Fire Missions come in by voice over the field phone. If its at night and everyone is down and there are no planned fire missions, there is usually one gun that is fully manned as a Hot Gun that reacts to calls for fire. If more than one gun is needed, the Hot Gun starts the mission as everyone else gets up and moving to join in. The Hot Gun rotates through out the night at determined intervals so everyone gets some sleep.